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Appendix 1 Emissions from the UK generating industry
Table A1 below and the associated notes provide:
- Ratios of primary burn to end user consumption of (a) 1024.8/345.2 = 2.97 in 2005 and (b) 1022.9/344.8 = 2.96 in 2006; leading us to use 3.0 in other calculations.
- A fair estimate of the corresponding carbon emission from industry as a whole is 150 Tonnes per GWh delivered to end users or 50 Tonnes per GWh of primary energy burn. Those numbers correspond to 550 and 183 Tonnes of carbon dioxide. If it is coal-fired emissions that are relevant then these emissions should be doubled.
TABLE A1 Electricity generating industry: Energy burnt and supplied and emissions
Fuel
Source |
MtC/Mtoe (a) |
Mt of oe burnt (b) |
TWh burnt (d) |
Carbon
emission Gt |
TWh
supplied (b) |
Tonnes C per GWh consumed (e) |
2005 |
2006 |
2005 |
2006 |
2005 |
2006 |
2005 |
2006 |
2005 |
2006 |
Coal |
1.029 |
32.62 |
36.12 |
380.57 |
421.40 |
33.56 |
37.16 |
128.67 |
143.54 |
293 |
289 |
Oil |
0.875 |
1.33 |
1.62 |
15.52 |
18.90 |
1.16 |
1.42 |
4.72 |
5.20 |
277 |
305 |
Gas |
0.582 |
28.7 |
26.51 |
334.83 |
309.28 |
16.71 |
15.44 |
149.78 |
138.57 |
125 |
125 |
Nuclear |
0 |
18.37 |
16.92 |
214.32 |
197.40 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
75.17 |
69.24 |
0 |
0 |
Hydro |
0 |
0.43 |
0.39 |
5.02 |
4.55 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
4.01 |
3.32 |
0 |
0 |
Other renew |
0 |
3.6 |
3.76 |
42.00 |
43.87 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
11.91 |
12.41 |
0 |
0 |
Other fuels |
|
2.07 |
1.48 |
24.15 |
17.27 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
4.72 |
4.03 |
0 |
0 |
Imports |
|
0.72 |
0.8 |
8.40 |
9.33 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
8.32 |
9.30 |
0 |
0 |
Totals/mean |
|
87.84 |
87.6 |
1024.8 |
1022 |
51.44 |
54.01 |
387.3 |
385.61 |
149 |
157 |
Final consumption TWh (c) |
345.241 |
344.85 |
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Notes:
- These are Mega Tonnes of Carbon per Mega Tonne of Oil Equivalent as provided by Julian Prime of BERR on 5th October 2007.
- Table 5.1 of Energy Trends March 2007. The Mt of oe burnt is the oil equivalent burnt by the generators. The TWh supplied is that reaching the grid.
- Table 5.2 of Energy Trends March 2007. The TWh consumed is the electricity reaching users after deducting transmission losses and the generating industry use.
- The calorific value of an Oil Equivalent is 42 GJ per tonne. Hence TWh here are the oil equivalent values multiplied by 42 and divided by 3.6.
- Typical calculation 293 = (33.56 billion)/(128.67 million x 345.24/387.3).
- The BERR and others’ estimates of emissions treat the generating industry itself and sometimes the grid as end users. That leads to lower emissions per GWh delivered than we have calculated.
Comparison with Energy Trends
Energy Trends, March 2007, provides 131 Tonnes of Carbon per GWh generated i.e. before generating industry use or transmission losses. The electricity generated was 408,500 GWh. The end user consumption amounted to 344.85 GWh. Hence multiplying the carbon emission per GWh generated by the ratio 408.5/344.85 provides the carbon per GWh used by end users. That yields 155 Tonnes which is close to the 157 Tonnes in Table A1.
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